Acute promyelocytic leukaemia… There’s some
pictures here and an article about how the condition is
best treated here.
Oh… Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct.
The images given show dumbbell-shaped
blasts consistent with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a subtype of AML
known for its aggressive presentation and high risk of bleeding and/or
thrombosis due to coagulopathy. Unlike other AML variants, APL often leads to
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), supported by lab findings such as
elevated INR, prolonged aPTT, low fibrinogen, and high D-dimer.
Despite its favorable long-term
prognosis, APL is a hematologic emergency requiring urgent treatment. The coagulopathy in APL is primarily driven
by tissue factor (TF) released during promyelocyte destruction,
triggering excessive activation of the coagulation cascade. With the advent of
all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as frontline therapy,
APL has become the most curable AML subtype. APL blasts are typically negative
for HLA-DR and CD34, distinguishing them from other AML variants.
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