14 August 2025 (Thursday) - Botyroid Nuclei

*Hypersegmented neutrophils*: are neutrophils with more than the typical three to five nuclear lobes or segments. Hypersegmentation is often associated with megaloblastic anaemia, particularly due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
It can also be seen in myelodysplastic syndromes and other conditions affecting bone marrow function.
 
However this should not be confused with neutrophils showing a “botryoid nucleus”; a botryoid nucleus refers to a nucleus that has a grape-like clustering or lobulation with nine or ten tight lobes. Hyper-hypersegmented (!)
While less common than hypersegmentation, it is seen in heat stroke, influenza A, encephalitis, and drug overdoses including cocaine and methamphetamine intoxication.
 

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